Friday, May 23, 2008

=> Larins : Wonderful Coins - Fish Hook shaped

Interesting and rare type of early medieval coinage(Trade Coins)

Larins oringinated in the district of 'Lar' at the head of the persian gulfand was most popular amongst Arab marine traders. These unusual coins were struck in India by the Adil Shahi Dynasty and Arabian Gulf in the 11th-16th century AD and circulated widely in the area of the Iran, Persian Gulf, Pakistan and Northern India.

The coin were made but cutting a thick silver wire into pieces of fairly equal weight and stamped on both sides with a die, bearing arabic inscriptions. They afford a scanty surface to recieve any inscription. Hence, it is not very easy to read inscriptions on them. However, most of the Adil Shahi Larins bear 'sultan ali adil shah' on one side and Zarb Lari Dangi san.... on the other side.

The dates on these coins are rarely found to be clear, but what we can read only shows that they were minted by Ali II.

In the Arabian Gulf, for example, a silver ingot called the Larin was introduced in the early centuries. Crafted in the form of a fish-hook, with various specimens ranging in length from about one inch to an inch and a half, Larins, which took their name from the town of Lar in southern Persia, were originally circulated in the Arabian Gulf region. Eventually they spread to the eastern seaboard of India and to the Maldive Islands and became one of the chief trading currencies in the Indian Ocean region.

Larins have inscriptions in both Persian and Arabic, and to meet the requirements of change, were often cut into pieces; sometimes one Larin was divided into 12 separate sections.


1. Bijapur Silver larin, Ali Adil Shah II (AH 1067-1083 = AD 1656-1672). Shahi of Bijapur
Arabic inscriptions on both sides. 38mm in length, 3 to 4 mm in thickness.

2. LARINS Issued by suttans have been found in ceylon (Wt. 4.75Gm )
AHMAD 1 A.H. 1012-27 (A.D1603-18)

IBRAHIM A.H.1049-58(1640-48)

SULAIMAN III A.H.1099-1102(A.D.1687-91)



# Universal Currency Converter

This website provides free universal currency converter.
click here to see:- http://www.xe.com/ucc/
this is just a link of a website for coin collectors to check the currency exchange. we are not responsible for the transactions or the rates shown for the currency in the website..

Thursday, May 22, 2008

# Vague Incused unusual Inscriptions on Rs.2 coins 1990-2000

Vague Incused unusual Inscriptions on Rs.2 coins
Recently I was sitting at home sorting out the change of the coins that are in circulation so that they can be reused. My husband (Dr Bharat) does not allow to use the change that we get untill he has gone through all of them. So we sat down and seperated rupees, 2 rupees, 5 rupees and so on....

While having a look at the 2 rupees lot, i saw a coin that had something written(not clear) that was incused on the Obverse (on the Rt hand side of the map of India). I got a hand lens and had a closer look...it was some thing in Hindi and reverse/inverted? Now, I had invited trouble for myself..Dr Bharat asked me to go through all coins for the same year and other years to see whether all of them have the same inscriptions or not!

We could find similar inscriptions on 2 rupee coins of other years also, but at the same time many coins of the same year and other years didn't have them. So, we scanned the coin that was clear/near UNC to check what it was...It was still not clear what was written so we took a higher resolution scan........see below

It was of No Use as the inscriptions seemed to be inverted. We had and idea to edit the scan and invert the image (like u see in brockages-mint errors). The edited scan was like this.......Now even u can tell what we saw at that time......satyamev jayate in Hindi . The enlarged scan is given below....

Conclusion:- Satyamev Jayate in Hindi was seen which could have been impressed from the Reverse side of 2 rupee coin when the coins were minted . BUT HOW ???????: Why not in all coins...why in all years but not all coins???

It may not be the greatest discovery in Numismatics, but this is what young Numismatists should look for....... Every Coin may have some mystery hidden in it...

HOME FOR INDIAN COINS



# Coins With 180 degree Die Rotation

A peculiar feature noticible in the first issues of the Uniform Coinage for British India is the absense of exact alignment of the obverse and reverse sides. Early Machine struck coins of the East India Company have a unique feature i.e. they had inverted reverse or 180 degree of die rotation..?? MINTING ERROR..

No. They were not Minting Errors.

The answer to this anomaly can be found in the English coinage of the period. All English coins had their obverse and reverse sides rotated 180 degree as their way of handling the coins was that they flipped the coin on East-West Axis. Hence a coin with inverted reverse or 180 degree of die rotation was perfectly alright to them.(try doing urself).
The British realized this fact after some time and then corrected the minting procedure. Hence, the later coins were perfect. The early coins especially the 1835 Rupee, 1835 Half Rupee show a variable degree of die rotation ranging from 5-180 degree, as less importance was given to the alignment being the first machine struck coins. Instances of diametrically opposite alignment are also come across in specimens of 1/4 rupee coins, 1/4 anna and 1/12 anna coins.
One Quarter anna 1857 & 1858 were minted by J .Watt & Co, Birmingham, England and they followed the British pattern of minting coins.

The coins that are always found with 180 degree reverse die rotation are:-

1. One Pie 1833

2. Quarter Anna 1830

3. Quarter Anna 1833

4. Quarter Anna 1857

5. Quarter Anna 1858


The coins that are rarely found with 180 degree reverse die rotation are:-

1. Quarter Anna 1835 (common)

2. One Rupee 1835 (Very Rare)
HOME FOR INDIAN COINS

=> Numismatic Terminology

NUMISMATIC TERMINOLOGY

The glossary will help you understand terms and acronyms commonly used in the field of coin collecting.
• Abrasions- Light rubbing or scuffing from friction, not to be confused with hairlines or bag marks.
• Alloy- A combination of two or more metals.
• Annealing- The heating and cooling process by which planchets are softened to allow the metal to flow more smoothly during the strike.
• Bag mark - A surface mark, usually in the form of a nick, acquired by a coin when it came into contact with others in a mint bag. Bag marks are most common on large and heavy silver and gold coins.
• Blemishes- Minor nicks, marks, flaws, or spots of discoloration that mar the surface of a coin.
• Bronze- An alloy of copper, zinc, and tin.
• Bullion- Uncoined gold or silver in the form of ingots or plate.
• Business strike- A coin intended for circulation in the channels of commerce (in contrast to a proof coin specifically struck for collectors).
• Cleaning- Refers to removing dirt or otherwise altering the appearance of a coin through the use of abrasive materials that mar or scratch the surface in a detectable fashion.
• Commemorative- A coin issued to mark a special event or to honor an outstanding person.
• DDO/DDR - Doubled Die Obverse, an obverse die which exhibits doubled images in one or more places but in DDRa reverse die which exhibits doubled images in one or more places.
• Denticles or dentils - The tooth like raised design around the rims of some coins. They are part of the die design.
• Designer- The artist who creates a coin's principal devices.
• Details- Small features and fine lines in a coin design. Particularly those seen in hair, leaves, wreaths and feathers.
• Die- A metal object used to impress a design into a planchet. Dies are usually engraved incuse, so that the devices and inscriptions they produce will be in relief.
• Dipping- The act of removing tarnish, surface dirt, or changing the coloration of a coin by applying chemicals, or otherwise artificially treating it with liquids.
• Disme- The early spelling of the word "dime," one tenth of a dollar.
• Double eagle - A United States twenty dollar gold coin.
• Eagle- A United States ten dollar gold coin.
• Edge- The area which borders a coin's surface. Also referred to as coin's "third side." Edges of United States coins may be Reeded, lettered or plain.
• Electrotype- A counterfeit coin made by the electroplating process.
• Engraver- A person who cuts a design into a coinage die.
• Fineness- Purity of gold or silver, normally expressed in the terms of one thousand parts. •Grade- The condition or amount of wear that a coin has received. Generally, the less wear a given coin has received, the more valuable it is. Coins are graded on the A.N.A. numerical system from About Good-3 to Perfect Uncirculated-70.
• Hairlines- A series of minute lines or scratches, usually visible in the field of a coin, sometimes caused by cleaning or polishing.
• Half eagle - A United States five dollar gold coin.
• Hub or hob - A metal object with the intended coin design in relief on one end as it would appear on the finished coin. It is used to produce dies.
• Incuse- The design of a coin which has been impressed below the coin's surface. When the design is raised above the coin's surface, it is said to be in relief.
•"Key date"- Slang usually indicating the rarest (and therefore most expensive)date-and-mint of a particular coin series.
• Legend - The principal inscription on a coin.
• lg.- Abbreviation for the word "large,"generally referring to a date or mintmark.
• Luster- The glossy appearance of the surface of a coin. Although normally brilliant, with time luster may become dull, frosty, spotted or discolored.
• Milled edge - A raised rim around the outer surface of a coin. Not to be confused with the Reeded or serrated narrow edge of the coin.
• Mintmark- A symbol, usually a small letter, used to indicate at which mint a particular coin was struck.
• Modification- A minor alteration in the basic design of a coin.
• Motto- A word or phrase on a coin.
• Mule- A coin struck from obverse and reverse dies not originally intended to be used together. • Numismatics- Area of study relating to coins, medals, or similar items.
• Numismatist- A student or collector of coins, medals, or similar items.
• Obverse- The front or fact side of a coin, usually the side with the date or the principal design. Opposite of the reverse side.
• Overdate- The date made by superimposing one or more different numbers on a previously dated die.
• Oxidation- The formulation of oxides or tarnish on the surface of a coin from exposure to air, dampness, industrial fumes, or other elements.
• Pattern- A prototype of a proposed coin design.
• Patina - A green or brown surface film found on ancient copper and bronze coins caused by oxidation over a long period of time.
• Planchet- Disk on which a design is impressed to make a coin, metal or token.
• Proof - Coins struck for collectors and using specially polished or otherwise prepared dies.
• Proof like - Used to describe any uncirculated coin with a mirror like reflective surface but lacking the full characteristics of a proof.
• Quarter eagle - A United States two and one half dollar gold coin.
• Reeded edge - The edge of a coin with grooved lines that run vertically around its perimeter. This type of edge is found on all current United States coins above the five cent denomination.
• Relief - Any part of a coin's design that is raised above the coin's surface. When the design has been impressed below the coin's surface, it is said to be incuse.
• Restrike -A coin struck from genuine dies at a date later than its original issue.
• Reverse- The side of a coin carrying the design of lesser importance. Opposite of the obverse side.
• Rim- The raised portion of a coin encircling the obverse and reverse which protects the designs of the coin from wear.
• Scratch- A deep line or groove in a coin caused by contact with a sharp or rough object.
• sm. - Abbreviation for the word "small," generally referring to a date or mintmark.
• Striations - Thin, light raised lines on the surface of a coin, caused by excessive polishing of the die.
• Striking - Refers to the process by which a coin is minted. Also refers to the sharpness of design details. A sharp strike or strong strike is one with all of the details struck very sharply; a weak strike has the details lightly impressed at the time of coining.
• Toning - Natural patination or discoloration of a coin's surface caused by the atmosphere over a long period of time. Toning is often very attractive, and many collectors prefer coins with this feature.
• Truncation - The sharply cut off bottom edge of a portrait.
• Type - A coin's basic distinguishing design.
• Unique - An item of which only one specimen is known to exist.
• Variety - A minor change from the basic type design of a coin.
• Weak strike - A coin with certain areas of its details (in the areas of high relief) not fully formed because of the hardness of alloy, insufficient striking pressure or improper die spacing.
• Wear - The abrasion of metal from a coin's surface caused by normal handling or circulation.
• Whizzing - The artificial treatment of a coin by wire brushing, acid dipping, or otherwise removing metal from the coin's surface to give it the artificial appearance of being in a higher grade. Whizzing is an alteration, not a grade or condition.

=> World Currency on Coins and Stamps

World Currency List

This is a list of the countries and their currency that issue coins and stamps. The list will be useful for students and new collectors to identify their coins and stamps. In case of European Union, both the Euro and its old currency have been given, so that new collectors know about the earlier stamps/coins of the country, before the European Union was formed. Any corrections/suggestions are welcome. Mail your comments to bharatcoins@gmail.com

A
Afghanistan : 1 afghani (af) = 100puls (p)
Albania : 1 lek (l) =100 qindarka (q)
Algeria : 1 dinar (d) = 100 centimes(c)
Andorra (French) : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 French franc (fr) = 100 centimes(c)
Andorra (Spanish) : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (c)
1 Spanish peseta (pta) = 100 centimos (c)
Angola : 1 Kwanza (kz) = 100 Iweys (I)
Anguilla : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Antigua & Barbuda : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Argentina : 1 pcso(p) =100 contavos(c)
Armenia : 1 dram (dr) = 100 lumas(I)
Aruba : 1 florin (fl) = 100 cents (¢)
Ascencion : 1 pound serting (£) = 100 pence (p)
Australia : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Austria : 1 Euro (e) =100 cents (¢)
1 Schillings (s) = 100 groschen (g)
Azerbaijan : 1 manat(m) =100 qepiq (q)
Azores : 1 Euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 Portuguese escudo (esc) = 100 centavos (c)


B
Bahamas : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Bahrain : 1 dinar = 1000 fils (f)
Bangladesh : 1 taka (t) = 100 poishas (p)
Barbados : 1 Dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Barbuda : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Belarus : 1 ruble (rub) = 100 kapeik (k)
Belgium : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Belize : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Benin : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Bermuda : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Bhutan : 1 ngultrum (nu) = 100 chetrum (ch)
Bolivia : 1 boliviano (b) = 100 centavos (c)
Bosnia – Herzegovina : 1 mark (m) = 100 pfenning (pf)
Botswana : 1 pula (p) = 100 thebe (t)
Brazil : 1 real (r) = 100 centavos(c)
British Antarctica Territory: 1 pound sterling (£) = 100 cents (¢)
British Virgin Island : 1 US dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Bulgaria : 1 lev (i) = 100 stotinki (st)
Burundi : 1 Franc (fr) = 100centimes(c)

C
Cambodia : 1 riel (r) = 100 cents (¢)
Cameroon : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Canada : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Cayman Island : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Central African Republic : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centiments (c)
Chad : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes
Chile : 1 pcso (p) = 100 centavos (c)
China : 1 yuan (y) = 100 fen (f)
Taiwan (china, Republic of) : 1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents (¢)
Christmas Island : 1 Australian dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Cocos (Keeling) islands : 1 Australian Dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Colombia : 1 peso (p) = 100 centavos (c)
Congo People Republic : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centiments (c)
Comoro island : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Cong Democratic Republic : 1 congolese = 100 Franc (fr)ents (¢)
Cook Islands : 1 NZ dollar ($) = 100 c
Costa Rica : 1 colon (col) = 100 centimos (c)
Croatia : 1 Kuna (k) = 100 lipas(l)
Cuba : 1 peso (p) = 100 centavos (c)
Cyprus : 1 pound (£) = 100 cents (¢)
Czech Republic : 1 Koruna (k) = 100 haleru (h)

D
Denmark : 1 krone (kr) = 100 ore (0)
Djibouti : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Dominican Republic : 1 peso (p) = 100 centavos (c)
Dominica : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)

E
Ecuador : 1 sucre (s) = 100 centavos(c)
Egypt : 1 pound (£) = 100 piasters (pi)
EI Salvador : 1 Colon (col) = 100 centavos ( c)
Equatorial Guinea : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Eritrea : 1 nakfa (n) = 100 cents (¢)
Estonia : 1 kroon (kr) = 100 sents (s)
Ethiopia : 1 birr (b) = 100 cents (¢)

F
Falkland Island : 1 pound (£) = 100 pence (p)
Faeroes : 1 Danish krone (kr) = 100 ore (0)
Fiji : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢) ­
Finland : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 markka (mk) = 100 pennia (p)
France : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
French Polynesia : 1 CFP franc (fr) = 100 centiments (c)
French Southern & Antarctic Territory : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents(¢)
1 French franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)

G
Gabon : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes(c)
Gambia : 1 dalasy (dal) = 100 cents (¢)
Georgia : 11ari (I) = 100 tetri (t)
Germany : 1 euro (e) =100 cents (¢)
1 Deutschemark (m) = 100 pfennings (pf)
Ghana : 1 cedi (c) = 100 pesewas (p)
Gibraltar : 1 pound (£) = 100 pence (p)
Great Britain : 1 pound sterling (£) = 100 pence (p)
Greece : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 drachma (dr) = 100 Icpta (I)
Greenland : 1 Danish Krone (kr) = 100 ore (o) Grenada : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Guatemala : 1 quetzal (q) = 100 centayos (c)
Guernsey : 1 pound sterling (£) = 100 pence (p) Guinea : 1 franc (fr) = 100 cauris (c)
Guinea : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Guyana : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents(¢)

H
Haiti : 1 gourde (g) = 100 centimes (c)
Honduras : 1 lempira (I) = 100 centavos (c)
Hong Kong : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Hungary : 1 forint (ft) = 100 filler (f)
I
Iceland : 1 krona (kr) = 100 aurar(a)
India : 1 rupees (re) = 100 paise (p)
Indonesia : 1 rupiah (rp) = 100 sen (s)
Iran : 1 rial (r) = 100 diars (d)
Iraq : 1 dinnar(d) = 1,000 fills (f)
Ireland : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 pound (£) = 100 pence (p)
Isle of man : 1 Pound sterling (£) = 100 pence (p) Israel : 1 shekel (s) = 100 agorot (a)
Italy : 1 euro(e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 lira (I) = 100 cents (¢)
Ivory coast : 1 CFAfranc(fr) = 100 centimes (c)

J
Jamaica : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Japan : 1 yen(y) =100sen(s)
Jersey : 1 pound sterling (£) = 100 pence (p)
Jordan : 1 dinar(d) = 100 piasters

K
Kazakhstan : 1 tenge (te) = 100 tyyn (t)
Kenya : 1 Shilling (/-) = 100 Cents (¢)
Kiribati : 1 Australian dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Kiribati : 1 Australian dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Korea (North) : 1 won (w) = 100 chon (ch)
Korea (South) : 1 won (w) = 100chon (ch)
Kuwait : 1 dinar(d) = 1000fils (f)
Kyrgyzstan : 1 som (s) = 100tyyn (t)

L
Laos : 1 kip (K) =100att(a)
Latvia : 1 lats (I) = 100 santimi (s)
Lebanon : 1 Livre (I) = 100 piasters (p)
Lesotho : 1 loti (m, from plural maloti) = 100 lisent (from singular sente)
Liberia : 1 Dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Libya : 1 dinar(d) = 1000 dirhams(dh)
Liechtenstein : 1 Swiss franc (fr) = 100 rappers (rp)
Lithuania : 1 litas (I) = 100 centas (c)
Luxembourgh : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)

M
Macau : 1 pataca (pa) = 100 avos (a)
Macedonia : 1 denair (de) = 100 deni (di)
Madagascar : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Madeira : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 Portuguese escudo (esc) = 100 centavos (c)
Malawi : 1 Kwacha (k) = 100 tambals (t)
Malaysia : 1 ringgit dollar ($) = 100sen (s)
Maldives : 1 rufiyaa (rf) = 100 larees (I)
Mali : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Malta : 1 lira (I) = 100 cents (¢)
Marshall Island : 1 US dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Mauritania : 1 ouguiya (um) = 5 khoums (kh)
Mauritius : 1 rupee (re) = 100 cents (¢)
Mayotee : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents(¢)
1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Mexico : 1 peso (p) = 100 centavos (c)
Micronesia : 1 US dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Molova : 1 peso (p) = 100 centavos (c)
Monaco : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 French franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Mongolia : 1 tugrik (t) = 100 mung (mu)
Montserrat : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Morocco : 1 dirham (dh) = 100 centimes (c)
Mozambique : 1 metical (mt) = 100 centimos (c)
Myanmar : 1 kyat (k) = 100 pyas (p)
N
Namibia : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Nauru : 1 Australian dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Nepal : 1 rupee (re) = 100 paise (p)
Netherlands : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 guilder (g) = 100 cents (¢)
Netherland Antilles : 1 guilder (g) = 100 cents (¢) Nevis : 1 EC dollar($) = 100cents(¢)
New Caledonia : 1 CPF franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
New Zealand : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Nicaragua : 1 Corboda (cor) = 100 centavos (c)
Niger : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Nigeria : 1 naira (n) = 100 kobo (k)
Niuafoou : 1 tangan pa'anga (pa) = 100 senti (s) Niue : 1 NZ dollars ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Norfolk Island : 1 Australian Dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Norway : 1 Krone (kr) = 100 ore (o)

0
Oman (Sultanate of) : 1 rial (ri) = 1000 bizas (b)

P
Pakistan : 1 rupee (re) = 100 paisa (p)
Palu : 1 US dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Panama : 1balboa (b) = 100 centesimos (c)
Papua New Guinea : 1 Kina (K) = 100 toea (t) Paraguay : 1 guarani (g) = 100 centimos (c)
Peru : 1 Sols (s) = 100 centimos (c)
Philippines : 1 Peso (p) = 100 sentimos (s)
Pitcairn Island : 1 NZ dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Poland : 1 zloty (zl) = 100 groszy (gr)
Portugal : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 escudo (esc) = 100 centavos (c)

Q
Qatar : 1 riyal (ri) : 100 dirhams(d)

R
Romania : 1 leu (I) = 100 bani (b)
Russia : 1 ruble (rub) = 100 kopecks (kop)
Rwanda : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)

S
St Helena : 1 pound sterling (£) = 100 pence (p)
St. Kitts : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
St. Lucia : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
St .Pierre & Miquelon : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 French franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
St. Vincent Grenadines : 1 EC dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
San Marino : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 Italian lira (I) = 100 centesimi (c)
Sao Tome and Principe : 1 dobra (db) = 100 centimos (c)
Saudi Arabia : 1 riyal (ri) = 100 halalas (h)
Senegal : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes(c)
Seychelles : 1 rupee (re) = 100 cents (¢)
Sierra Lone : 1 leone (I) = 100 cents (¢)
Singapore : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Slovakia : 1 koruna (kr) = 100 haleru (h)
Slovenia : 1 tolar(t) = 100 stotins (s)
Solomon Island : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Somalia : 1 shilling (sh) = 100 centesimos (c)
South Africa : 1 rand (r) = 100cents (¢)
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands : 1 pound (£) = 100 pence (p)
Spain : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 pesta (pta) = 100 centimi (c)
Sri lanka : 1 rupee (re) = 100 cents (¢)
Sudan : 1 dinar (d) = 10 pounds (£)
Suriname : 1 guilder (g) = 100 cents (¢)
Swaziland : 1 lilangeni (Ii) = 100 cents (¢)
Sweden : 1 Krona (kr) = 100 ore (o)
Switzerland : 1 franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Syria : 1 pound (£) = 100 piasters (p)

T
Tajikistan : 1 Somoni (s) = 100 dirams (d)
Tanzania : 1 Shilling (/-) = 100 Cents (¢)
Thailand : 1 bhat (b) = 100 satang (s)
Tongo : 1 CFA franc (fr) = 100 centimes(c)
Tokelau : 1 NZ dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Tonga : 1 pa'anga (pa) = 100 seniti (s)
Trinidad & Tobago : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)
Tristan Da Cunha : 1 Pound sterling (£) = 100 pence (p)
Tunisia : 1 dinar (d) = 1000 millimes (m)
Turkey : 1 lira (I) = 100 Kurush (k)
Turkish Republic of Nothern Cyprus: 1 turkish lira (I) = 100 kurus(k)
Turkmenistan : 1 manat (m) = 100 tongo (t)
Turks & Caicos Islands : 1 US dollar ($) = 100 Cents (¢)
Tuvalu : 1 Australian dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)

U
Uganda : 1 Shilling (/-) = 100 cents (¢)
Ukraine : 1 hrynia (h) = 100 kopiyka (kop)
United Nations uses US currency in New York, Swiss currency in Geneva and Austrian currency in Vienna
United Arab Emirates : 1 dirham (d) = 100 Fils(f)
United States of America : 1 $ = 100 cents (¢)
Uruguay : 1 peso uruguayo (p) = 100 centesimos (c)
Uzbekistan : 1 sum (s) = 100 tyyn (t)

V
Vanuatu : 1 vatu (v) = 100 centimes (c)
Vatican City : 1 euro (e) = 100 cents (¢)
1 Italian lira (I) = 100 centesimi (c)
Venezuela : 1 bolivar (b) = 100 centimos (c)
Vietnam : 1 dong (d) =100 xu

W
Wallis & Futuna : 1 CFP franc (fr) = 100 centimes (c)
Western Samoa : 1 tala (t) = 100 sene(s)

Y
Yemen : 1 rial (ri) = 100 fils (f)
Yugoslavia : 1 dinar (d) = 100 paras (p)

Z
Zambia : 1 Kwacha (kw) = 100 ngwee (ng)
Zimbabwe : 1 dollar ($) = 100 cents (¢)